We are seeking an experienced, motivated, and proactive individual to take up the newly established role of Head of Operations & Consultancy for the Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie Rivers Trust.

This role combines operational leadership with commercial responsibility, including leading the development and growth of Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie Rivers Consulting Ltd – our newly established trading subsidiary.

The postholder will be responsible for translating organisational priorities into effective delivery, managing staff, resources, and key stakeholder relationships, and ensuring that the Trust’s work is delivered safely, efficiently, and to a high standard.

The consultancy is currently at an early stage of development, with core structures in place and an existing pipeline of secured and prospective work. The successful candidate will take ownership of delivering live projects while completing the establishment of the consultancy’s systems, processes, and client management approach.

Salary: £42,000–£48,000 (based on experience).

Hours: Full time – 35 hours per week. Part time arrangements can be considered on a discretionary basis for the right candidate. The role will involve occasional work on evenings and weekends

Term: Fixed term for 12 months, with intention to extend subject to funding. Includes a six-month probationary period.

Place of week: The role will be based at the Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie Rivers Trust office, Logie Steading, Dunphail, Moray, IV36 2QN, with a hybrid, flexible working approach. Due to the nature of the role the successful candidate must be based in or close to the River Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie catchment areas. We are unable to support relocation costs.

*Place of work: The role will be based at the Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie Rivers Trust office, Logie Steading, Dunphail, Moray, IV36 2QN, with a hybrid, flexible working approach. Due to the nature of the role the successful candidate must be based in or close to the River Findhorn, Nairn & Lossie catchment areas. We are unable to support relocation costs.

Victim Support Scotland – Empowering People Affected by Crime

Who We Are

Victim Support Scotland (VSS) provides support and information to people affected by crime and campaigns for victim and witness rights. Regardless of whether a crime has been reported, or when it happened, our services are free, confidential, and tailored to individuals’ needs.

Our vision is that people affected by crime – victims, witnesses, and their families – are treated with dignity and respect and are at the heart of the justice in Scotland. We put victims and witnesses at the heart of everything we do so they are heard, have improved health and well-being, feel safer, more secure, and informed and that we are an effective organisation, that makes a lasting difference. Our mission at Victim Support Scotland is to ensure that those affected by crime receive high quality support that will help them recover from their experiences. We aim to do this by adhering to our own organisational values.

• Victims Are at the Heart of Everything We Do
• We Care
• We Work with Intent
• We Are Ambitious
• We Persevere

Everything we do is driven by our dedication to supporting and empowering victims and witnesses, so they have improved health and well-being, feel safer, more secure, and informed. We are an effective organisation that makes a lasting difference to the people we support, and these values are reflected in the behaviours expected of all staff and volunteers.

VSS is committed to the safeguarding and welfare of all of our service users and has a thorough and rigorous recruitment and selection process including PVG scheme checks in place to ensure this commitment is met.

What is the role?

This is an exciting opportunity to join our team as a CRM Project Manager on a fixed-term contract basis for 9-18 months, working in our Glasgow and Edinburgh offices. This is a high impact role at the centre of a major transformation programme that will shape how we support people affected by crime across Scotland.

Working week will be between the following days and hours: Mon-Fri (4 days per week, flexibility considered) 9am - 5pm.

Salary band: £47,266- £62,420 (pro-rata). Salary on appointment will normally be at the lower salary point, with progression subject to review - in line with VSS progression arrangements. A higher salary placing will only be considered in exceptional circumstances subject to experience demonstrated.

Primary location: Glasgow & Edinburgh Offices. You will be expected to cover throughout other Localities/Offices.

This is a critical, specialist role combining project management , business analysis and solution design leadership. It is central to ensuring the organisation avoids previous system design challenges and delivers a CRM platform that genuinely supports front-line service delivery.

You will be reporting directly to the Director of Corporate Services and will be accountable to the CRM Review panel, comprising of:

• Board Trustees
• Director of Corporate Services
• Director of Service Delivery
• Head of Service (National Programmes)
• Head of Digital & IT
• Head of Research & Data Insight

As CRM Project manager you will be responsible for:

• Understanding how VSS services operate in practice
• Translating complex operational processes into structured system requirements
• Leading procurement and supplier selection
• Managing and constructively challenging the implementation partner
• Ensuring the selected solution aligns with VSS’s service delivery model

The role requires hands-on ownership of discovery, process mapping, and requirements definition.

Key Accountabilities:

Discovery, Process Mapping & Solution Design

• Lead detailed current-state and future-state process mapping across VSS services
• Engage staff and volunteers to identify needs, gaps, and opportunities
• Translate business processes into structured functional and technical specifications
• Define workflows, data structures, integrations, and reporting requirements
• Ensure alignment with data protection, accessibility, and cyber security standards
• Identify and articulate non-standard requirements early, particularly where D365 may require configuration or workaround solutions

Business Analysis & Requirements Translation

• Act as the lead business analyst for the programme
• Produce high-quality documentation suitable for system configuration
• Validate requirements with stakeholders and ensure shared understanding
• Maintain traceability from business need through to system design

Procurement, Tendering & Commissioning

• Develop and deliver the procurement strategy (partner and, if required, platform)
• Prepare tender documentation, evaluation frameworks, and scoring criteria
• Lead a transparent, compliant end-to-end procurement process
• Coordinate internal evaluation panels and support decision-making
• Lead supplier appointment and support contract negotiation

Implementation Partner Management & Challenge

• Act as the primary interface between VSS and the CRM implementation partner
• Ensure delivery against agreed milestones, quality standards, and budget
• Critically review and challenge supplier designs and assumptions
• Ensure system configuration reflects VSS operating model (not vice versa)
• Manage risks, issues, dependencies, and change control processes

Project Delivery, Governance & Reporting

• Establish and maintain robust project governance structures
• Maintain core project artefacts (plans, RAID logs, decision logs, dashboards)
• Report regularly to the CRM Review Panel
• Manage dependencies with wider organisational programmes
• Maintain pace and focus in a high-demand delivery environment

Stakeholder Engagement & Change Readiness

• Facilitate workshops, consultations, and design sessions
• Ensure strong engagement across operational and support teams
• Support organisational readiness for system adoption
• Maintain clear, consistent internal communication

Quality Assurance & Implementation Oversight

• Ensure all deliverables meet agreed specifications and standards
• Oversee testing processes (UAT, data migration validation, system assurance)
• Work closely with Digital & IT to ensure technical compliance
• Provide oversight of licensing implications and cost drivers (D365)

You will bring experience from a similar role and a commitment to your own professional development. As a confident and supportive leader, you will know how to motivate others, build trust, and drive performance. You’re comfortable working with data gathering, analysing, and presenting insights that help shape decisions. You believe in fairness and inclusion with the confidence to challenge discrimination, bias, or stereotyping when you see it.

If you are looking for a role with a purpose, where you can really make a difference, we want to hear from you!

What we offer

• Holiday - When you work for Victim Support Scotland, your wellbeing is important to us. We offer an enhanced annual leave package of 39 days (pro-rata) holiday. 42 days (pro-rata) from Grade 6 and above.
• Pension - Save for the further and join the Standard Life Pension. Your future self will thank you. Our generous employer contribution will help you plan for the future.
• Support - Sometimes we all need support and a listening ear. Our free and confidential Employee Assistance Programme can support your mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing. We also offer enhanced maternity and paternity pay and access to a credit union.
• Discounts- You will have access to our free health cash plan which includes cover for you and your family across a range of benefits, which include, dental cover, access to a virtual GP, counselling, legal support and discounts on gym memberships, cinema tickets, retail and much more.
• Flexibility and development - We are proud of our flexible and inclusive work policies, which help you balance work and life. Supporting employee development is important to us, we offer comprehensive learning and development opportunities.

Our Communities are places where people with and without learning disabilities live, share and grow together. Our Edinburgh Community is made up of over 80 members - including people we support, employees, volunteers, long-term friends and members.

We are looking for someone with the leadership gifts, values and ambition to enable us to achieve our

2030 Strategy aims of:

• brilliant, person-centred support and housing for adults with learning disabilities, and
• beautiful community where people with and without learning disabilities share lives, homes, friendships and spiritual journeys together.
• effective organisation

This is a very varied role which includes both operational management and visible leadership. The Community Leader brings people together, leading Celebrations, spiritual spaces, role modelling the values of L’Arche and building a culture which empowers teams to flourish, as well as co-producing plans to develop the Community and the services which we provide. The Community Leader is also responsible for managing compliance, budgets, embedding systems, organisational processes and policies in the Edinburgh Community.

Alongside other Community Leaders across the UK and members of the National Team, you will also contribute to the development and delivery of projects focusing on: Finances, People, Care and Housing, to meet our ambitious 2030 Strategy.

But being Community Leader is more than just a job and we are looking for someone who wants to be part of a movement of hope and joy. In L'Arche, you will be part of changing the world, and you could be profoundly changed too.

We are recruiting for the newly created post of Locality Manager to join our Children and Families team.

The post holder will work alongside the Head of Children and Families to help shape high-quality support for children, young people and families.

Main duties and responsibilities will include:

• Directly manage the delivery of the Glasgow and West Children and Families programmes
• Lead the service in line with agreed qualitative based outcomes and best practice legislation and guidance such as UNCRC, The Promise and GIRFEC
• Ensure person-centred planning is at the heart of delivery with maintained and accurate support plans recording SMART outcomes
• Take ownership for growth and investigate new opportunities aligned to and/or supporting existing service provision
• Support leadership and senior management colleagues with developing new service proposals and tenders
• Take responsibility for the learning and continued professional development of yourself and your teams
• Lead the teams to take a strengths-based, people first approach
• Deliver on service performance, using KPI data to support decision making and planning
• Ensure services operate within financial parameters and targets

Our values make us who we are and define our actions and behaviours every day. We’d expect the post-holder to uphold and represent our organisation in a way that reflects our values and person-centred way of working.

This is an exciting opportunity to join our dynamic, growing team. We're looking for a confident, values-led manager to lead teams across Glasgow and the West, you will be rights-based and passionate about improving the lives of children and young people. An excellent collaborator rooted in inclusion, The Promise, GIRFEC and UNCRC, you will bring experience of leading people and services in social care preferably within a children and families setting.

The post holder will lead the strategic implementation and operational management of Right There's Glasgow and West Children and Families' programmes including Young People and Family Support, Mentoring and Supported Accommodation.

What you can expect from us..

• The post holder will report to the Head of Children and Families
• You normal hours of work are 35 per week worked Monday to Friday flexibly between the hours of 9.00 am and 5.00 pm with 1-hour unpaid break
• Your usual place of work will be 15 Dava Street, Glasgow, G51 2JA. This role is office-based a minimum of 3-days per week
• Annual leave entitlement of 210 hours (equivalent to 6 weeks) pro rata in your first year, rising to 280 hours (equivalent to 8 weeks) pro rata in your second year. This includes public holidays
• You will automatically be enrolled into the People’s Pension providing you meet the auto-enrolment criteria
• Life insurance 4 x salary
• Option to purchase and sell annual leave
• Cycle to work scheme

About Us

We are Right There, a charity that recently celebrated our 200th anniversary. We provide tailored support for people, at home, and in the community. We are here for people who are living with the effects of homelessness, poverty, substance use, or family breakdowns.

Last year we supported almost 4,000 individuals, helping to prevent them from becoming homeless or separated from the people they love. Every person’s story is unique, and everyone’s route home is different - it doesn’t matter what the situation is – we’re not here to judge, only to help.

Alcohol Focus Scotland (AFS) is Scotland’s national alcohol charity, committed to preventing and reducing harm to individuals, families, communities and Scotland as a whole.

Who we are looking for

Alcohol kills fifty people every week in Scotland, and drains up to £10 billion from our economy each year.

As Scotland’s national alcohol charity, we’ve been tackling alcohol harm for over half a century. We are now looking for a creative, energetic and experienced Business Development Manager to help us achieve even more. In this newly created role, you’ll work directly with the CEO and Board to create and implement an income generation strategy, identifying and pursuing charitable and commercial opportunities for growth. You’ll lead our highly capable operations team, and work as part of a supportive Senior Management Team.

This is an exceptional opportunity to help shape the future of a well-established national charity, and have a real impact on Scotland’s health and wellbeing.

What we offer

• Flexible and Hybrid Working - We offer flexi-time to give you more control over your working hours. We work a mixture of office and home-based days to meet the needs of the post and to accommodate the needs of the postholder.
• Annual Leave - 26 days paid annual leave, increasing after five years’ service. 10 days public holiday (incorporating closure between Christmas and New Year). An additional Celebration Day that may be taken at any time. Staff may purchase up to one week’s additional annual leave per holiday year.
• Well-being support - We provide an Employee Assistance Programme which offers round the clock support for all staff.
• Pension and Death in Service Insurance - 4-6% matched employer pension contribution, rising to 7% after five years’ service. Death in Service insurance is calculated at two times salary.
• Company Sick Pay - After completion of probation you can qualify for up to five months full pay then five months half pay, inclusive of SSP, in year one, increasing annually for five years.
• Transport support - AFS is based in central Glasgow, close to transport hubs. We offer a Travel to Work loan to spread the cost of season tickets and access to the tax efficient benefits of the Cycle to Work scheme.
• Learning - We offer a range of formal and informal training and learning opportunities to support your development.
• Enhanced leave - Maternity leave and paternity leave are enhanced above statutory to help you and your family, after a qualifying service period.
• Social Connection - As well as the satisfaction of working with a skilled, friendly and dedicated team to make change happen, we support formal and informal opportunities to take part in different activities and get to know your colleagues.

Alcohol Focus Scotland is an equal opportunity employer. We celebrate diversity and are committed to creating an inclusive environment for all employees.

For more than 25 years, Right To Play has been protecting, educating, and empowering millions of children each year to rise above adversity through the power of play.

We offer programs in 13 countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East and North America, reaching millions of children each year in some of the most difficult places on earth, helping them to stay in school and learn, overcome prejudice, heal from trauma, and develop the skills they need to thrive. We do this by harnessing play, one of the most fundamental forces in a child's life, to teach children the critical skills they need to dismantle barriers and embrace opportunities, in learning and in life.

This work is supported by our two global offices in Toronto, Canada and London, UK; and seven National Offices in North America and Europe.

Right To Play UK is a charity registered in England and Wales and in Scotland that works in partnership with Right To Play International to raise funds and awareness across the UK and Ireland.

The Finance and Operations Manager ensures the effective financial, administrative, and operational functioning of Right To Play UK and support the establishment of Right To Play Ireland by overseeing accurate financial records, coordinating people and legal processes, and continuously improving business systems and practices to support and enable successful fundraising outcomes.

Benefits Highlights:

• Connect and collaborate with a global team who are passionate about protecting, educating and empowering children and youth using the power of play!
• Culture premised on our Culture Code (accept everyone, make things happen, display courage, demonstrate care, and be playful)
• Flexible work arrangements
• 25 days annual leave plus bank holidays per year (to be pro-rated for part-time employees)
• Competitive benefits such as Income Protection and Life Assurance
• Learning opportunities and 5 learning and development (L&D) days per year (to be pro-rated for part-time employees)

More information on what we offer is available on our website.

This is a unique opportunity to help shape the future sustainability and mission of the Church of Scotland.

We are seeking a National Stewardship Consultant to support, equip and inspire congregations to grow in their understanding and practice of Christian stewardship. This is a varied and outward-facing role, helping churches cultivate a confident and hopeful culture of generosity to sustain and resource the Church’s mission and ministry, enabling them to flourish spiritually, practically and financially.

You will work alongside congregations in a range of contexts, facilitating meetings, conferences and workshops, presenting stewardship resources, and accompanying churches on their stewardship journeys. This includes practical guidance on areas such as personal giving, fundraising, digital giving, legacy giving, grant funding and Gift Aid.

As part of a small and dynamic team, you will also contribute to developing new resources and initiatives. This includes supporting the creation of a stewardship module as part of the Church’s training for ministry programme, and contributing to the further development of our ‘Bearing Fruit’ financial health-check tool.

We are looking for someone who:

• has a strong understanding of Christian stewardship and the life of the church

• is a confident and engaging communicator, able to motivate and inspire others

• has experience of facilitating groups and engaging a range of audiences

• has excellent organisational skills and a collaborative, team-oriented approach

• is passionate about helping people and congregations flourish.

You will have scope to shape aspects of the Team’s work by developing areas of particular interest and strength. We are open to a wide range of skills and experiences, which can be further developed within the role.

A current driving licence and willingness to travel regularly are essential, along with flexibility to work evenings and occasional weekends. The post-holder will have a particular focus on congregations in the south-west and central belt of Scotland, so easy access to these areas would be advantageous.

The successful candidate is required to be a committed Christian with a live Church connection. This is a Genuine Occupational Requirement under the Equality Act 2010.

Paddle Scotland is entering an exciting new phase of development and are looking to appoint a Head of Operations & Strategy to join our Senior Leadership Team.

The Opportunity

This is a pivotal role that will help shape how Paddle Scotland operates as a modern, high-performing organisation, ensuring we have the systems, structures and financial sustainability in place to deliver our ambitions.

Working closely with the CEO, Board and our small staff team, you will play a central role in strengthening our operational foundations while contributing to the strategic direction of the organisation. You will help ensure Paddle Scotland is well-managed, financially robust and equipped with the systems, processes and culture required to deliver our strategy.

This is a rare opportunity for a collaborative and strategically minded leader to drive organisational excellence behind the scenes, enabling our community and sport-facing teams to maximise their impact across Scotland.

About the Role

The role will focus on:

• Leading the delivery of organisational strategy and supporting Paddle Scotland's ongoing development and sustainability
• Providing strategic and operational leadership across finance, governance, compliance and organisational systems
• Strengthening organisational effectiveness through improved processes, systems and ways of working
• Leading financial planning, budgeting, reporting and oversight, working closely with our external financial services provider
• Supporting the CEO, Board and Committees through the provision of high-quality reporting, financial insight and operational information
• Developing and delivering a commercial approach to diversify and grow income streams
• Identifying and developing new partnerships and revenue opportunities aligned to Paddle Scotland's values and strategic priorities
• Supporting the continued success of Grandtully Station Park Campsite, maximising customer experience and financial return
• Providing strategic oversight of marketing and communications activity to enhance Paddle Scotland's visibility and profile
• Leading and developing a small team, fostering a collaborative, inclusive and high-performing culture
• Building strong relationships with Board members, partners, funders, suppliers and stakeholders across the sector
• Deputising for the CEO as required

Who We're Looking For

We're looking for a strategic, collaborative and hands-on leader who is as comfortable improving systems and strengthening governance as they are identifying opportunities for growth and supporting organisational change.

You will bring:

• Significant leadership experience within operations, finance, organisational leadership or a related field
• A track record of leading and developing high-performing teams
• Experience of developing systems, improving processes and embedding effective governance
• Confidence in financial management, including budgeting, forecasting, monitoring and reporting
• The ability to translate strategy into practical delivery
• Strong understanding of governance, compliance and risk management
• Experience of engaging and influencing senior stakeholders, including Boards, Committees and funding partners
• Excellent communication and relationship-building skills
• A collaborative and adaptable approach, with the ability to thrive in a changing environment
• A commitment to equality, diversity and inclusion

Experience within sport, membership organisations or the not-for-profit sector would be welcomed, as would experience of income generation, public funding environments and organisational change.

Why Join Us?

This is a unique opportunity to play a key leadership role in shaping the future of paddlesport in Scotland.

You will help build a sustainable, resilient and forward-thinking organisation, ensuring that Paddle Scotland has the capacity, systems and resources needed to support our members, clubs and partners for years to come.

If you are motivated by making a lasting impact, have the ability to influence across a wide remit and thrive in a role that blends strategy with operational delivery, we would love to hear from you.

Paddle Scotland is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and adults at risk. We expect all staff to share this commitment.

Paddle Scotland is committed to equality, diversity and inclusion and welcomes applications from all backgrounds.

About Ayrshire Cancer Support

We are here for anyone in Ayrshire affected by cancer, regardless of diagnosis, age, stage or level of need. We support people with their own diagnosis, the diagnosis of a loved one, or if they are bereaved by cancer. Our services are professional, individualised, holistic and comprehensive and include patient transport, counselling, complementary therapies, support for children and young people, wellbeing activities, and specialist information and support. As a self-funded local charity, we punch well above our weight and rely on the generosity of our supporters, partners, and community to continue delivering these vital services.

Director of Income Generation and Communications

We are seeking a collaborative, proactive, and adaptable Director of Income Generation and Communications to join our team. This is an exciting opportunity for an empowering and inspiring leader to help grow income and ensure that people affected by cancer across Ayrshire continue to receive the free practical and emotional support that means so much to individuals and families in our communities.

Reporting to our Chief Executive, you will lead and support our Income Generation and Communications Team and hold overall responsibility for our fundraising, retail and communications operation, developing and delivering strategies that grow awareness and sustainable income, by strengthening engagement with supporters, partners, beneficiaries, and the wider community. The postholder will provide leadership across fundraising and retail, driving an integrated approach to income generation, events, supporter engagement, and communications. You will ensure compelling impact-led messaging that strengthens donor understanding and encourages long-term, committed giving.

This is a full-time, on-site role working 35 hours per week, with some evening and weekend working expected to support events, campaigns, retail activity, and key charity activities. The salary for the role will range between £48,000 and £54,000 per annum, dependent on experience.

If you are an experienced leader who believes in the power of fundraising and community to change lives, we would love to hear from you. This is a chance to join a compassionate, ambitious local charity and make a lasting difference to people affected by cancer across Ayrshire.

Full details of the role can be found within our Recruitment Pack.

This role is advertised as 24 hours per week, but if you are interested in full time, please apply and specify this on your supporting statement

Do you have a strong background in property management, including good landlord & tenant experience and an excellent understanding and knowledge of property law? Then join Shelter as an Estates Surveyor and you could soon be playing a vital role at the heart of our Property and Facilities team.

About Shelter

A home is a fundamental human need, as essential as education or healthcare. Yet millions of people across Britain struggle on a daily basis with homelessness, bad housing conditions, soaring rents, discrimination and the threat of eviction. So, we are striving for change, with individuals, in communities, across society, and leading the way to a safe home. We need ambitious, best-in-class individuals who are passionate about our cause to join us at this exciting time. This is your chance to play a part in the fundamental change we are striving to achieve.

At Shelter we are united by our purpose to defend the right to a safe home. Our enemy is the social injustice at the core of the escalating housing emergency. We believe that to win that fight, we must be representative of the people we are here to help and those who support our movement for change. In all our people decisions, we take pride in being inclusive, fair, equitable and transparent.

We have committed to combat racism both within and outside Shelter and welcome you on our journey to becoming a truly anti-racist organisation.

About the team

Our Property and Facilities team is responsible for ensuring Shelter’s estate is fit for purpose and fully compliant for its staff, volunteers and clients. We provide a full range of professional services, including acquisitions, disposals, rent and lease negotiations, rating, estates management, building surveying, strategic planning, budgeting, compliance, health & safety and facilities management. We also support all office and shop relocations, refurbishments and planned maintenance projects, while our portfolio comprises one freehold head office property in London, 24 leasehold offices and around 90 leasehold shops across England and Scotland.

About the role

You will be responsible for all property related matters across Scotland and England for our diverse portfolio. That will involve making regular site visits, with occasional overnight stays. As well as ensuring all lease events are managed and actioned and properties are safe, maintained and fully compliant, we’ll also rely on you to assist with the development and implementation of robust policies, processes and systems to help manage the estate in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In short, it’s an incredibly varied role that will see you make a real difference in how Shelter’s commercial estate is managed.

We are happy to talk about flexible working, personal growth, and to promote a workplace where you can be yourself and achieve success based only on your merit.

Role Specifics

You’ll need a degree level qualification in a surveying/property related discipline and full RICS membership. You’ll also need a good understanding of the planning process and building regulations approval system. The confidence to lead and manage multiple projects effectively and ensure they’re delivered on time and on budget, from inception to completion, is important too. Self-motivated, capable of working both unsupervised and as part of a team, and with a positive ‘can do’ attitude, providing solutions, giving sound property advice and negotiating effectively with a variety of key stakeholders comes naturally to you. What’s more, you have good computer literacy skills and are comfortable working with spreadsheets and data.

Benefits

We offer a wide range of benefits, including 30 days of annual leave, enhanced family friendly policies, pension and interest free travel loans. Our employees also have access to a tenancy deposit loan, payroll giving, cycle to work scheme and an employee assistance programme.

Shelter helps millions of people every year struggling with bad housing or homelessness through our advice, support and legal services. And we campaign to make sure that, one day, no one will have to turn to us for help. We’re here so no one has to fight bad housing or homelessness on their own.